FIX (slack): Add request timeout for 30 seconds

.gitignore

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ postgresus-data/
 pgdata/
 docker-compose.yml
 node_modules/
-.idea
+.idea
+/articles

README.md

@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@
 - **SSL support**: Secure connections available
 - **Easy restoration**: One-click restore from any backup
 
-### 🔒 **Backup Encryption** <a href="https://postgresus.com/encryption">(docs)</a>
+### 🔒 **Enterprise-grade security** <a href="https://postgresus.com/security">(docs)</a>
 
 - **AES-256-GCM encryption**: Enterprise-grade protection for backup files
-- **Zero-trust storage**: Encrypted backups are useless so you can keep in shared storages like S3, Azure Blob Storage, etc.
-- **Optionality**: Encrypted backups are optional and can be enabled or disabled if you wish
-- **Download unencrypted**: You can still download unencrypted backups via the 'Download' button to use them in `pg_restore` or other tools.
+- **Zero-trust storage**: Backups are encrypted and they are useless to attackers, so you can keep them in shared storages like S3, Azure Blob Storage, etc.
+- **Encryption for secrets**: Any sensitive data is encrypted and never exposed, even in logs or error messages
+- **Read-only user**: Postgresus uses by default a read-only user for backups and never stores anything that can change your data
 
 ### 👥 **Suitable for Teams** <a href="https://postgresus.com/access-management">(docs)</a>
 

backend/cmd/main.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	backups_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/disk"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	healthcheck_attempt "postgresus-backend/internal/features/healthcheck/attempt"
 	healthcheck_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/healthcheck/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/notifiers"
@@ -64,6 +65,12 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
+	err = secrets.GetSecretKeyService().MigrateKeyFromDbToFileIfExist()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Failed to migrate secret key from database to file", "error", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
 	err = users_services.GetUserService().CreateInitialAdmin()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to create initial admin", "error", err)

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ type EnvVariables struct {
 	EnvMode              env_utils.EnvMode `env:"ENV_MODE"             required:"true"`
 	PostgresesInstallDir string            `env:"POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR"`
 
-	DataFolder string
-	TempFolder string
+	DataFolder    string
+	TempFolder    string
+	SecretKeyPath string
 
 	TestGoogleDriveClientID     string `env:"TEST_GOOGLE_DRIVE_CLIENT_ID"`
 	TestGoogleDriveClientSecret string `env:"TEST_GOOGLE_DRIVE_CLIENT_SECRET"`
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ func loadEnvVariables() {
 	// (projectRoot/postgresus-data -> /postgresus-data)
 	env.DataFolder = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(backendRoot), "postgresus-data", "backups")
 	env.TempFolder = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(backendRoot), "postgresus-data", "temp")
+	env.SecretKeyPath = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(backendRoot), "postgresus-data", "secret.key")
 
 	if env.IsTesting {
 		if env.TestPostgres12Port == "" {

backend/internal/features/backups/backups/di.go

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 package backups
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	audit_logs "postgresus-backend/internal/features/audit_logs"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/backups/usecases"
 	backups_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases"
+	encryption_secrets "postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/notifiers"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/storages"
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
 	workspaces_services "postgresus-backend/internal/features/workspaces/services"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/logger"
-	"time"
 )
 
 var backupRepository = &BackupRepository{}
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ var backupService = &BackupService{
 	notifiers.GetNotifierService(),
 	notifiers.GetNotifierService(),
 	backups_config.GetBackupConfigService(),
-	users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+	encryption_secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 	encryption.GetFieldEncryptor(),
 	usecases.GetCreateBackupUsecase(),
 	logger.GetLogger(),

backend/internal/features/backups/backups/service.go

@@ -7,19 +7,20 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
 	audit_logs "postgresus-backend/internal/features/audit_logs"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/backups/encryption"
 	backups_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases"
+	encryption_secrets "postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/notifiers"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/storages"
 	users_models "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/models"
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
 	workspaces_services "postgresus-backend/internal/features/workspaces/services"
 	util_encryption "postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ type BackupService struct {
 	notifierService     *notifiers.NotifierService
 	notificationSender  NotificationSender
 	backupConfigService *backups_config.BackupConfigService
-	secretKeyRepo       *users_repositories.SecretKeyRepository
+	secretKeyService    *encryption_secrets.SecretKeyService
 	fieldEncryptor      util_encryption.FieldEncryptor
 
 	createBackupUseCase CreateBackupUsecase
@@ -628,7 +629,7 @@ func (s *BackupService) getBackupReader(backupID uuid.UUID) (io.ReadCloser, erro
 	}
 
 	// Get master key
-	masterKey, err := s.secretKeyRepo.GetSecretKey()
+	masterKey, err := s.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		if closeErr := fileReader.Close(); closeErr != nil {
 			s.logger.Error("Failed to close file reader", "error", closeErr)

backend/internal/features/backups/backups/service_test.go

@@ -3,21 +3,22 @@ package backups
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
 	usecases_postgresql "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/backups/usecases/postgresql"
 	backups_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases"
+	encryption_secrets "postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/notifiers"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/storages"
 	users_enums "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/enums"
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
 	users_testing "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/testing"
 	workspaces_services "postgresus-backend/internal/features/workspaces/services"
 	workspaces_testing "postgresus-backend/internal/features/workspaces/testing"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/logger"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func Test_BackupExecuted_NotificationSent(t *testing.T) {
 			notifiers.GetNotifierService(),
 			mockNotificationSender,
 			backups_config.GetBackupConfigService(),
-			users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+			encryption_secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 			encryption.GetFieldEncryptor(),
 			&CreateFailedBackupUsecase{},
 			logger.GetLogger(),
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ func Test_BackupExecuted_NotificationSent(t *testing.T) {
 			notifiers.GetNotifierService(),
 			mockNotificationSender,
 			backups_config.GetBackupConfigService(),
-			users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+			encryption_secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 			encryption.GetFieldEncryptor(),
 			&CreateSuccessBackupUsecase{},
 			logger.GetLogger(),
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ func Test_BackupExecuted_NotificationSent(t *testing.T) {
 			notifiers.GetNotifierService(),
 			mockNotificationSender,
 			backups_config.GetBackupConfigService(),
-			users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+			encryption_secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 			encryption.GetFieldEncryptor(),
 			&CreateSuccessBackupUsecase{},
 			logger.GetLogger(),

backend/internal/features/backups/backups/usecases/postgresql/create_backup_uc.go

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ import (
 	backups_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases"
 	pgtypes "postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases/databases/postgresql"
+	encryption_secrets "postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/storages"
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/tools"
 
@@ -34,16 +34,15 @@ const (
 	progressReportIntervalMB = 1.0
 	pgConnectTimeout         = 30
 	compressionLevel         = 5
-	defaultBackupLimit       = 1000
 	exitCodeAccessViolation  = -1073741819
 	exitCodeGenericError     = 1
 	exitCodeConnectionError  = 2
 )
 
 type CreatePostgresqlBackupUsecase struct {
-	logger         *slog.Logger
-	secretKeyRepo  *users_repositories.SecretKeyRepository
-	fieldEncryptor encryption.FieldEncryptor
+	logger           *slog.Logger
+	secretKeyService *encryption_secrets.SecretKeyService
+	fieldEncryptor   encryption.FieldEncryptor
 }
 
 // Execute creates a backup of the database
@@ -466,7 +465,7 @@ func (uc *CreatePostgresqlBackupUsecase) setupBackupEncryption(
 		return nil, nil, metadata, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate nonce: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	masterKey, err := uc.secretKeyRepo.GetSecretKey()
+	masterKey, err := uc.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, metadata, fmt.Errorf("failed to get master key: %w", err)
 	}

backend/internal/features/backups/backups/usecases/postgresql/di.go

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 package usecases_postgresql
 
 import (
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/logger"
 )
 
 var createPostgresqlBackupUsecase = &CreatePostgresqlBackupUsecase{
 	logger.GetLogger(),
-	users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+	secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 	encryption.GetFieldEncryptor(),
 }
 

backend/internal/features/databases/controller.go

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ func (c *DatabaseController) RegisterRoutes(router *gin.RouterGroup) {
 	router.POST("/databases/test-connection-direct", c.TestDatabaseConnectionDirect)
 	router.POST("/databases/:id/copy", c.CopyDatabase)
 	router.GET("/databases/notifier/:id/is-using", c.IsNotifierUsing)
-
+	router.POST("/databases/is-readonly", c.IsUserReadOnly)
+	router.POST("/databases/create-readonly-user", c.CreateReadOnlyUser)
 }
 
 // CreateDatabase
@@ -330,3 +331,76 @@ func (c *DatabaseController) CopyDatabase(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 	ctx.JSON(http.StatusCreated, copiedDatabase)
 }
+
+// IsUserReadOnly
+// @Summary Check if database user is read-only
+// @Description Check if current database credentials have only read (SELECT) privileges
+// @Tags databases
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Security BearerAuth
+// @Param request body Database true "Database configuration to check"
+// @Success 200 {object} IsReadOnlyResponse
+// @Failure 400 {object} map[string]string
+// @Failure 401 {object} map[string]string
+// @Failure 403 {object} map[string]string
+// @Router /databases/is-readonly [post]
+func (c *DatabaseController) IsUserReadOnly(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	user, ok := users_middleware.GetUserFromContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		ctx.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "User not authenticated"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var request Database
+	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&request); err != nil {
+		ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	isReadOnly, err := c.databaseService.IsUserReadOnly(user, &request)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, IsReadOnlyResponse{IsReadOnly: isReadOnly})
+}
+
+// CreateReadOnlyUser
+// @Summary Create read-only database user
+// @Description Create a new PostgreSQL user with read-only privileges for backup operations
+// @Tags databases
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Security BearerAuth
+// @Param request body Database true "Database configuration to create user for"
+// @Success 200 {object} CreateReadOnlyUserResponse
+// @Failure 400 {object} map[string]string
+// @Failure 401 {object} map[string]string
+// @Failure 403 {object} map[string]string
+// @Router /databases/create-readonly-user [post]
+func (c *DatabaseController) CreateReadOnlyUser(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	user, ok := users_middleware.GetUserFromContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		ctx.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "User not authenticated"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var request Database
+	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&request); err != nil {
+		ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	username, password, err := c.databaseService.CreateReadOnlyUser(user, &request)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, CreateReadOnlyUserResponse{
+		Username: username,
+		Password: password,
+	})
+}

backend/internal/features/databases/databases/postgresql/model.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/tools"
 	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ type PostgresqlDatabase struct {
 	ID uuid.UUID `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;type:uuid;default:gen_random_uuid()"`
 
 	DatabaseID *uuid.UUID `json:"databaseId" gorm:"type:uuid;column:database_id"`
-	RestoreID  *uuid.UUID `json:"restoreId"  gorm:"type:uuid;column:restore_id"`
 
 	Version tools.PostgresqlVersion `json:"version" gorm:"type:text;not null"`
 
@@ -106,6 +106,384 @@ func (p *PostgresqlDatabase) EncryptSensitiveFields(
 	return nil
 }
 
+// IsUserReadOnly checks if the database user has read-only privileges.
+//
+// This method performs a comprehensive security check by examining:
+// - Role-level attributes (superuser, createrole, createdb)
+// - Database-level privileges (CREATE, TEMP)
+// - Table-level write permissions (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, REFERENCES, TRIGGER)
+//
+// A user is considered read-only only if they have ZERO write privileges
+// across all three levels. This ensures the database user follows the
+// principle of least privilege for backup operations.
+func (p *PostgresqlDatabase) IsUserReadOnly(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger *slog.Logger,
+	encryptor encryption.FieldEncryptor,
+	databaseID uuid.UUID,
+) (bool, error) {
+	password, err := decryptPasswordIfNeeded(p.Password, encryptor, databaseID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt password: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	connStr := buildConnectionStringForDB(p, *p.Database, password)
+
+	conn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, connStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := conn.Close(ctx); closeErr != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to close connection", "error", closeErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// LEVEL 1: Check role-level attributes
+	var isSuperuser, canCreateRole, canCreateDB bool
+	err = conn.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT
+			rolsuper,
+			rolcreaterole,
+			rolcreatedb
+		FROM pg_roles
+		WHERE rolname = current_user
+	`).Scan(&isSuperuser, &canCreateRole, &canCreateDB)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check role attributes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if isSuperuser || canCreateRole || canCreateDB {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// LEVEL 2: Check database-level privileges
+	var canCreate, canTemp bool
+	err = conn.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT
+			has_database_privilege(current_user, current_database(), 'CREATE') as can_create,
+			has_database_privilege(current_user, current_database(), 'TEMP') as can_temp
+	`).Scan(&canCreate, &canTemp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check database privileges: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if canCreate || canTemp {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// LEVEL 2.5: Check schema-level CREATE privileges
+	schemaRows, err := conn.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT DISTINCT nspname
+		FROM pg_namespace n
+		WHERE has_schema_privilege(current_user, n.nspname, 'CREATE')
+		AND nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema', 'pg_toast')
+	`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check schema privileges: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer schemaRows.Close()
+
+	// If user has CREATE privilege on any schema, they're not read-only
+	if schemaRows.Next() {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := schemaRows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("error iterating schema privileges: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// LEVEL 3: Check table-level write permissions
+	rows, err := conn.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT DISTINCT privilege_type
+		FROM information_schema.role_table_grants
+		WHERE grantee = current_user
+		AND table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
+	`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check table privileges: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	writePrivileges := map[string]bool{
+		"INSERT":     true,
+		"UPDATE":     true,
+		"DELETE":     true,
+		"TRUNCATE":   true,
+		"REFERENCES": true,
+		"TRIGGER":    true,
+	}
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var privilege string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&privilege); err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to scan privilege: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if writePrivileges[privilege] {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("error iterating privileges: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// CreateReadOnlyUser creates a new PostgreSQL user with read-only privileges.
+//
+// This method performs the following operations atomically in a single transaction:
+// 1. Creates a PostgreSQL user with a UUID-based password
+// 2. Grants CONNECT privilege on the database
+// 3. Grants USAGE on all non-system schemas
+// 4. Grants SELECT on all existing tables and sequences
+// 5. Sets default privileges for future tables and sequences
+//
+// Security features:
+// - Username format: "postgresus-{8-char-uuid}" for uniqueness
+// - Password: Full UUID (36 characters) for strong entropy
+// - Transaction safety: All operations rollback on any failure
+// - Retry logic: Up to 3 attempts if username collision occurs
+// - Pre-validation: Checks CREATEROLE privilege before starting transaction
+func (p *PostgresqlDatabase) CreateReadOnlyUser(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger *slog.Logger,
+	encryptor encryption.FieldEncryptor,
+	databaseID uuid.UUID,
+) (string, string, error) {
+	password, err := decryptPasswordIfNeeded(p.Password, encryptor, databaseID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt password: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	connStr := buildConnectionStringForDB(p, *p.Database, password)
+
+	conn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, connStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := conn.Close(ctx); closeErr != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to close connection", "error", closeErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Pre-validate: Check if current user can create roles
+	var canCreateRole, isSuperuser bool
+	err = conn.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT rolcreaterole, rolsuper
+		FROM pg_roles
+		WHERE rolname = current_user
+	`).Scan(&canCreateRole, &isSuperuser)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to check permissions: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !canCreateRole && !isSuperuser {
+		return "", "", errors.New("current database user lacks CREATEROLE privilege")
+	}
+
+	// Retry logic for username collision
+	maxRetries := 3
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < maxRetries; attempt++ {
+		username := fmt.Sprintf("postgresus-%s", uuid.New().String()[:8])
+		newPassword := uuid.New().String()
+
+		tx, err := conn.Begin(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to begin transaction: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		success := false
+		defer func() {
+			if !success {
+				if rollbackErr := tx.Rollback(ctx); rollbackErr != nil {
+					logger.Error("Failed to rollback transaction", "error", rollbackErr)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// Step 1: Create PostgreSQL user with LOGIN privilege
+		_, err = tx.Exec(
+			ctx,
+			fmt.Sprintf(`CREATE USER "%s" WITH PASSWORD '%s' LOGIN`, username, newPassword),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err.Error() != "" && attempt < maxRetries-1 {
+				continue
+			}
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create user: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Step 1.5: Revoke CREATE privilege from PUBLIC role on public schema
+		// This is necessary because all PostgreSQL users inherit CREATE privilege on the
+		// public schema through the PUBLIC role. This is a one-time operation that affects
+		// the entire database, making it more secure by default.
+		// Note: This only affects the public schema; other schemas are unaffected.
+		_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, `REVOKE CREATE ON SCHEMA public FROM PUBLIC`)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to revoke CREATE on public from PUBLIC", "error", err)
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "schema \"public\" does not exist") &&
+				!strings.Contains(err.Error(), "permission denied") {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to revoke CREATE from PUBLIC: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Now revoke from the specific user as well (belt and suspenders)
+		_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`REVOKE CREATE ON SCHEMA public FROM "%s"`, username))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error(
+				"Failed to revoke CREATE on public schema from user",
+				"error",
+				err,
+				"username",
+				username,
+			)
+		}
+
+		// Step 2: Grant database connection privilege and revoke TEMP
+		_, err = tx.Exec(
+			ctx,
+			fmt.Sprintf(`GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE %s TO "%s"`, *p.Database, username),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to grant connect privilege: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Revoke TEMP privilege from PUBLIC role (like CREATE on public schema, TEMP is granted to PUBLIC by default)
+		_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`REVOKE TEMP ON DATABASE %s FROM PUBLIC`, *p.Database))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("Failed to revoke TEMP from PUBLIC", "error", err)
+		}
+
+		// Also revoke from the specific user (belt and suspenders)
+		_, err = tx.Exec(
+			ctx,
+			fmt.Sprintf(`REVOKE TEMP ON DATABASE %s FROM "%s"`, *p.Database, username),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("Failed to revoke TEMP privilege", "error", err, "username", username)
+		}
+
+		// Step 3: Discover all user-created schemas
+		rows, err := tx.Query(ctx, `
+			SELECT schema_name
+			FROM information_schema.schemata
+			WHERE schema_name NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
+		`)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get schemas: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		var schemas []string
+		for rows.Next() {
+			var schema string
+			if err := rows.Scan(&schema); err != nil {
+				rows.Close()
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to scan schema: %w", err)
+			}
+			schemas = append(schemas, schema)
+		}
+		rows.Close()
+
+		if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("error iterating schemas: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Step 4: Grant USAGE on each schema and explicitly prevent CREATE
+		for _, schema := range schemas {
+			// Revoke CREATE specifically (handles inheritance from PUBLIC role)
+			_, err = tx.Exec(
+				ctx,
+				fmt.Sprintf(`REVOKE CREATE ON SCHEMA "%s" FROM "%s"`, schema, username),
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Warn(
+					"Failed to revoke CREATE on schema",
+					"error",
+					err,
+					"schema",
+					schema,
+					"username",
+					username,
+				)
+			}
+
+			// Grant only USAGE (not CREATE)
+			_, err = tx.Exec(
+				ctx,
+				fmt.Sprintf(`GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA "%s" TO "%s"`, schema, username),
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to grant usage on schema %s: %w", schema, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Step 5: Grant SELECT on ALL existing tables and sequences
+		grantSelectSQL := fmt.Sprintf(`
+			DO $$
+			DECLARE
+				schema_rec RECORD;
+			BEGIN
+				FOR schema_rec IN
+					SELECT schema_name
+					FROM information_schema.schemata
+					WHERE schema_name NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
+				LOOP
+					EXECUTE format('GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA %%I TO "%s"', schema_rec.schema_name);
+					EXECUTE format('GRANT SELECT ON ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA %%I TO "%s"', schema_rec.schema_name);
+				END LOOP;
+			END $$;
+		`, username, username)
+
+		_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, grantSelectSQL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to grant select on tables: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Step 6: Set default privileges for FUTURE tables and sequences
+		defaultPrivilegesSQL := fmt.Sprintf(`
+			DO $$
+			DECLARE
+				schema_rec RECORD;
+			BEGIN
+				FOR schema_rec IN
+					SELECT schema_name
+					FROM information_schema.schemata
+					WHERE schema_name NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
+				LOOP
+					EXECUTE format('ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA %%I GRANT SELECT ON TABLES TO "%s"', schema_rec.schema_name);
+					EXECUTE format('ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA %%I GRANT SELECT ON SEQUENCES TO "%s"', schema_rec.schema_name);
+				END LOOP;
+			END $$;
+		`, username, username)
+
+		_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, defaultPrivilegesSQL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set default privileges: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Step 7: Verify user creation before committing
+		var verifyUsername string
+		err = tx.QueryRow(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname = '%s'`, username)).
+			Scan(&verifyUsername)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to verify user creation: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		success = true
+		logger.Info("Read-only user created successfully", "username", username)
+		return username, newPassword, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", "", errors.New("failed to generate unique username after 3 attempts")
+}
+
 // testSingleDatabaseConnection tests connection to a specific database for pg_dump
 func testSingleDatabaseConnection(
 	logger *slog.Logger,

backend/internal/features/databases/databases/postgresql/readonly_user_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+package postgresql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
+	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/config"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/tools"
+)
+
+func Test_IsUserReadOnly_AdminUser_ReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	env := config.GetEnv()
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		version string
+		port    string
+	}{
+		{"PostgreSQL 12", "12", env.TestPostgres12Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 13", "13", env.TestPostgres13Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 14", "14", env.TestPostgres14Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 15", "15", env.TestPostgres15Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 16", "16", env.TestPostgres16Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 17", "17", env.TestPostgres17Port},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			container := connectToPostgresContainer(t, tc.port)
+			defer container.DB.Close()
+
+			pgModel := createPostgresModel(container)
+			logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, nil))
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			isReadOnly, err := pgModel.IsUserReadOnly(ctx, logger, nil, uuid.New())
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.False(t, isReadOnly, "Admin user should not be read-only")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_CreateReadOnlyUser_UserCanReadButNotWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	env := config.GetEnv()
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		version string
+		port    string
+	}{
+		{"PostgreSQL 12", "12", env.TestPostgres12Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 13", "13", env.TestPostgres13Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 14", "14", env.TestPostgres14Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 15", "15", env.TestPostgres15Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 16", "16", env.TestPostgres16Port},
+		{"PostgreSQL 17", "17", env.TestPostgres17Port},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			container := connectToPostgresContainer(t, tc.port)
+			defer container.DB.Close()
+
+			_, err := container.DB.Exec(`
+			DROP TABLE IF EXISTS readonly_test CASCADE;
+			DROP TABLE IF EXISTS hack_table CASCADE;
+			DROP TABLE IF EXISTS future_table CASCADE;
+			CREATE TABLE readonly_test (
+				id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+				data TEXT NOT NULL
+			);
+			INSERT INTO readonly_test (data) VALUES ('test1'), ('test2');
+		`)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+			pgModel := createPostgresModel(container)
+			logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, nil))
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			username, password, err := pgModel.CreateReadOnlyUser(ctx, logger, nil, uuid.New())
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.NotEmpty(t, username)
+			assert.NotEmpty(t, password)
+			assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(username, "postgresus-"))
+
+			readOnlyModel := &PostgresqlDatabase{
+				Version:  pgModel.Version,
+				Host:     pgModel.Host,
+				Port:     pgModel.Port,
+				Username: username,
+				Password: password,
+				Database: pgModel.Database,
+				IsHttps:  false,
+			}
+
+			isReadOnly, err := readOnlyModel.IsUserReadOnly(ctx, logger, nil, uuid.New())
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.True(t, isReadOnly, "Created user should be read-only")
+
+			readOnlyDSN := fmt.Sprintf(
+				"host=%s port=%d user=%s password=%s dbname=%s sslmode=disable",
+				container.Host,
+				container.Port,
+				username,
+				password,
+				container.Database,
+			)
+			readOnlyConn, err := sqlx.Connect("postgres", readOnlyDSN)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			defer readOnlyConn.Close()
+
+			var count int
+			err = readOnlyConn.Get(&count, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM readonly_test")
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, 2, count)
+
+			_, err = readOnlyConn.Exec("INSERT INTO readonly_test (data) VALUES ('should-fail')")
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "permission denied")
+
+			_, err = readOnlyConn.Exec("UPDATE readonly_test SET data = 'hacked' WHERE id = 1")
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "permission denied")
+
+			_, err = readOnlyConn.Exec("DELETE FROM readonly_test WHERE id = 1")
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "permission denied")
+
+			_, err = readOnlyConn.Exec("CREATE TABLE hack_table (id INT)")
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "permission denied")
+
+			// Clean up: Drop user with CASCADE to handle default privilege dependencies
+			_, err = container.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP OWNED BY "%s" CASCADE`, username))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Logf("Warning: Failed to drop owned objects: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, err = container.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP USER IF EXISTS "%s"`, username))
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_ReadOnlyUser_FutureTables_HaveSelectPermission(t *testing.T) {
+	env := config.GetEnv()
+	container := connectToPostgresContainer(t, env.TestPostgres16Port)
+	defer container.DB.Close()
+
+	pgModel := createPostgresModel(container)
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, nil))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	username, password, err := pgModel.CreateReadOnlyUser(ctx, logger, nil, uuid.New())
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = container.DB.Exec(`
+		CREATE TABLE future_table (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			data TEXT NOT NULL
+		);
+		INSERT INTO future_table (data) VALUES ('future_data');
+	`)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	readOnlyDSN := fmt.Sprintf("host=%s port=%d user=%s password=%s dbname=%s sslmode=disable",
+		container.Host, container.Port, username, password, container.Database)
+	readOnlyConn, err := sqlx.Connect("postgres", readOnlyDSN)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer readOnlyConn.Close()
+
+	var data string
+	err = readOnlyConn.Get(&data, "SELECT data FROM future_table LIMIT 1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "future_data", data)
+
+	// Clean up: Drop user with CASCADE to handle default privilege dependencies
+	_, err = container.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP OWNED BY "%s" CASCADE`, username))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("Warning: Failed to drop owned objects: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = container.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP USER IF EXISTS "%s"`, username))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func Test_ReadOnlyUser_MultipleSchemas_AllAccessible(t *testing.T) {
+	env := config.GetEnv()
+	container := connectToPostgresContainer(t, env.TestPostgres16Port)
+	defer container.DB.Close()
+
+	_, err := container.DB.Exec(`
+		CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS schema_a;
+		CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS schema_b;
+		CREATE TABLE schema_a.table_a (id INT, data TEXT);
+		CREATE TABLE schema_b.table_b (id INT, data TEXT);
+		INSERT INTO schema_a.table_a VALUES (1, 'data_a');
+		INSERT INTO schema_b.table_b VALUES (2, 'data_b');
+	`)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pgModel := createPostgresModel(container)
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, nil))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	username, password, err := pgModel.CreateReadOnlyUser(ctx, logger, nil, uuid.New())
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	readOnlyDSN := fmt.Sprintf("host=%s port=%d user=%s password=%s dbname=%s sslmode=disable",
+		container.Host, container.Port, username, password, container.Database)
+	readOnlyConn, err := sqlx.Connect("postgres", readOnlyDSN)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer readOnlyConn.Close()
+
+	var dataA string
+	err = readOnlyConn.Get(&dataA, "SELECT data FROM schema_a.table_a LIMIT 1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "data_a", dataA)
+
+	var dataB string
+	err = readOnlyConn.Get(&dataB, "SELECT data FROM schema_b.table_b LIMIT 1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "data_b", dataB)
+
+	// Clean up: Drop user with CASCADE to handle default privilege dependencies
+	_, err = container.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP OWNED BY "%s" CASCADE`, username))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("Warning: Failed to drop owned objects: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = container.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP USER IF EXISTS "%s"`, username))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = container.DB.Exec(`DROP SCHEMA schema_a CASCADE; DROP SCHEMA schema_b CASCADE;`)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+type PostgresContainer struct {
+	Host     string
+	Port     int
+	Username string
+	Password string
+	Database string
+	DB       *sqlx.DB
+}
+
+func connectToPostgresContainer(t *testing.T, port string) *PostgresContainer {
+	dbName := "testdb"
+	password := "testpassword"
+	username := "testuser"
+	host := "localhost"
+
+	portInt, err := strconv.Atoi(port)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("host=%s port=%d user=%s password=%s dbname=%s sslmode=disable",
+		host, portInt, username, password, dbName)
+
+	db, err := sqlx.Connect("postgres", dsn)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var versionStr string
+	err = db.Get(&versionStr, "SELECT version()")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return &PostgresContainer{
+		Host:     host,
+		Port:     portInt,
+		Username: username,
+		Password: password,
+		Database: dbName,
+		DB:       db,
+	}
+}
+
+func createPostgresModel(container *PostgresContainer) *PostgresqlDatabase {
+	var versionStr string
+	err := container.DB.Get(&versionStr, "SELECT version()")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	version := extractPostgresVersion(versionStr)
+
+	return &PostgresqlDatabase{
+		Version:  version,
+		Host:     container.Host,
+		Port:     container.Port,
+		Username: container.Username,
+		Password: container.Password,
+		Database: &container.Database,
+		IsHttps:  false,
+	}
+}
+
+func extractPostgresVersion(versionStr string) tools.PostgresqlVersion {
+	if strings.Contains(versionStr, "PostgreSQL 12") {
+		return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("12")
+	} else if strings.Contains(versionStr, "PostgreSQL 13") {
+		return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("13")
+	} else if strings.Contains(versionStr, "PostgreSQL 14") {
+		return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("14")
+	} else if strings.Contains(versionStr, "PostgreSQL 15") {
+		return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("15")
+	} else if strings.Contains(versionStr, "PostgreSQL 16") {
+		return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("16")
+	} else if strings.Contains(versionStr, "PostgreSQL 17") {
+		return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("17")
+	}
+
+	return tools.GetPostgresqlVersionEnum("16")
+}

backend/internal/features/databases/dto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package databases
+
+type CreateReadOnlyUserResponse struct {
+	Username string `json:"username"`
+	Password string `json:"password"`
+}
+
+type IsReadOnlyResponse struct {
+	IsReadOnly bool `json:"isReadOnly"`
+}

backend/internal/features/databases/service.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package databases
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
@@ -456,3 +457,148 @@ func (s *DatabaseService) OnBeforeWorkspaceDeletion(workspaceID uuid.UUID) error
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *DatabaseService) IsUserReadOnly(
+	user *users_models.User,
+	database *Database,
+) (bool, error) {
+	var usingDatabase *Database
+
+	if database.ID != uuid.Nil {
+		existingDatabase, err := s.dbRepository.FindByID(database.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		if existingDatabase.WorkspaceID == nil {
+			return false, errors.New("cannot check user for database without workspace")
+		}
+
+		canAccess, _, err := s.workspaceService.CanUserAccessWorkspace(
+			*existingDatabase.WorkspaceID,
+			user,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if !canAccess {
+			return false, errors.New("insufficient permissions to access this database")
+		}
+
+		if database.WorkspaceID != nil && *existingDatabase.WorkspaceID != *database.WorkspaceID {
+			return false, errors.New("database does not belong to this workspace")
+		}
+
+		existingDatabase.Update(database)
+
+		if err := existingDatabase.Validate(); err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		usingDatabase = existingDatabase
+	} else {
+		if database.WorkspaceID != nil {
+			canAccess, _, err := s.workspaceService.CanUserAccessWorkspace(*database.WorkspaceID, user)
+			if err != nil {
+				return false, err
+			}
+			if !canAccess {
+				return false, errors.New("insufficient permissions to access this workspace")
+			}
+		}
+
+		usingDatabase = database
+	}
+
+	if usingDatabase.Type != DatabaseTypePostgres {
+		return false, errors.New("read-only check only supported for PostgreSQL databases")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	return usingDatabase.Postgresql.IsUserReadOnly(
+		ctx,
+		s.logger,
+		s.fieldEncryptor,
+		usingDatabase.ID,
+	)
+}
+
+func (s *DatabaseService) CreateReadOnlyUser(
+	user *users_models.User,
+	database *Database,
+) (string, string, error) {
+	var usingDatabase *Database
+
+	if database.ID != uuid.Nil {
+		existingDatabase, err := s.dbRepository.FindByID(database.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", err
+		}
+
+		if existingDatabase.WorkspaceID == nil {
+			return "", "", errors.New("cannot create user for database without workspace")
+		}
+
+		canManage, err := s.workspaceService.CanUserManageDBs(*existingDatabase.WorkspaceID, user)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", err
+		}
+		if !canManage {
+			return "", "", errors.New("insufficient permissions to manage this database")
+		}
+
+		if database.WorkspaceID != nil && *existingDatabase.WorkspaceID != *database.WorkspaceID {
+			return "", "", errors.New("database does not belong to this workspace")
+		}
+
+		existingDatabase.Update(database)
+
+		if err := existingDatabase.Validate(); err != nil {
+			return "", "", err
+		}
+
+		usingDatabase = existingDatabase
+	} else {
+		if database.WorkspaceID != nil {
+			canManage, err := s.workspaceService.CanUserManageDBs(*database.WorkspaceID, user)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", err
+			}
+			if !canManage {
+				return "", "", errors.New("insufficient permissions to manage this workspace")
+			}
+		}
+
+		usingDatabase = database
+	}
+
+	if usingDatabase.Type != DatabaseTypePostgres {
+		return "", "", errors.New("read-only user creation only supported for PostgreSQL")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	username, password, err := usingDatabase.Postgresql.CreateReadOnlyUser(
+		ctx, s.logger, s.fieldEncryptor, usingDatabase.ID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	if usingDatabase.WorkspaceID != nil {
+		s.auditLogService.WriteAuditLog(
+			fmt.Sprintf(
+				"Read-only user created for database: %s (username: %s)",
+				usingDatabase.Name,
+				username,
+			),
+			&user.ID,
+			usingDatabase.WorkspaceID,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return username, password, nil
+}

backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets/di.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package secrets
+
+var secretKeyService = &SecretKeyService{
+	nil,
+}
+
+func GetSecretKeyService() *SecretKeyService {
+	return secretKeyService
+}

backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets/model.go

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+package secrets

backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package secrets
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/config"
+	user_models "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/models"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/storage"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+type SecretKeyService struct {
+	cachedKey *string
+}
+
+func (s *SecretKeyService) MigrateKeyFromDbToFileIfExist() error {
+	var secretKey user_models.SecretKey
+
+	err := storage.GetDb().First(&secretKey).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check for secret key in database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if secretKey.Secret == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	secretKeyPath := config.GetEnv().SecretKeyPath
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secretKeyPath, []byte(secretKey.Secret), 0600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write secret key to file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := storage.GetDb().Exec("DELETE FROM secret_keys").Error; err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete secret key from database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SecretKeyService) GetSecretKey() (string, error) {
+	if s.cachedKey != nil {
+		return *s.cachedKey, nil
+	}
+
+	secretKeyPath := config.GetEnv().SecretKeyPath
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(secretKeyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			newKey := s.generateNewSecretKey()
+			if err := os.WriteFile(secretKeyPath, []byte(newKey), 0600); err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to write new secret key: %w", err)
+			}
+			s.cachedKey = &newKey
+			return newKey, nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read secret key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	key := string(data)
+	s.cachedKey = &key
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SecretKeyService) generateNewSecretKey() string {
+	return uuid.New().String() + uuid.New().String()
+}

backend/internal/features/notifiers/models/slack/model.go

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ func (s *SlackNotifier) Send(
 		maxAttempts       = 5
 		defaultBackoff    = 2 * time.Second // when Retry-After header missing
 		backoffMultiplier = 1.5             // use exponential growth
+		requestTimeout    = 30 * time.Second
 	)
 
 	var (
@@ -77,6 +78,10 @@ func (s *SlackNotifier) Send(
 		attempts = 0
 	)
 
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Timeout: requestTimeout,
+	}
+
 	for {
 		attempts++
 
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ func (s *SlackNotifier) Send(
 		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
 		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+botToken)
 
-		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+		resp, err := client.Do(req)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("send slack message: %w", err)
 		}

backend/internal/features/restores/models/model.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package models
 
 import (
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/backups"
-	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases/databases/postgresql"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/restores/enums"
 	"time"
 
@@ -16,8 +15,6 @@ type Restore struct {
 	BackupID uuid.UUID `json:"backupId" gorm:"column:backup_id;type:uuid;not null"`
 	Backup   *backups.Backup
 
-	Postgresql *postgresql.PostgresqlDatabase `json:"postgresql,omitempty" gorm:"foreignKey:RestoreID"`
-
 	FailMessage *string `json:"failMessage" gorm:"column:fail_message"`
 
 	RestoreDurationMs int64     `json:"restoreDurationMs" gorm:"column:restore_duration_ms;default:0"`

backend/internal/features/restores/repository.go

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ func (r *RestoreRepository) FindByBackupID(backupID uuid.UUID) ([]*models.Restor
 	if err := storage.
 		GetDb().
 		Preload("Backup").
-		Preload("Postgresql").
 		Where("backup_id = ?", backupID).
 		Order("created_at DESC").
 		Find(&restores).Error; err != nil {
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ func (r *RestoreRepository) FindByID(id uuid.UUID) (*models.Restore, error) {
 	if err := storage.
 		GetDb().
 		Preload("Backup").
-		Preload("Postgresql").
 		Where("id = ?", id).
 		First(&restore).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -63,7 +61,6 @@ func (r *RestoreRepository) FindByStatus(status enums.RestoreStatus) ([]*models.
 	if err := storage.
 		GetDb().
 		Preload("Backup").
-		Preload("Postgresql").
 		Where("status = ?", status).
 		Order("created_at DESC").
 		Find(&restores).Error; err != nil {

backend/internal/features/restores/service.go

@@ -191,15 +191,9 @@ func (s *RestoreService) RestoreBackup(
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Set the RestoreID on the PostgreSQL database and save it
-	if requestDTO.PostgresqlDatabase != nil {
-		requestDTO.PostgresqlDatabase.RestoreID = &restore.ID
-		restore.Postgresql = requestDTO.PostgresqlDatabase
-
-		// Save the restore again to include the postgresql database
-		if err := s.restoreRepository.Save(&restore); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	// Save the restore again to include the postgresql database
+	if err := s.restoreRepository.Save(&restore); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	storage, err := s.storageService.GetStorageByID(backup.StorageID)
@@ -216,10 +210,15 @@ func (s *RestoreService) RestoreBackup(
 
 	start := time.Now().UTC()
 
+	restoringToDB := &databases.Database{
+		Postgresql: requestDTO.PostgresqlDatabase,
+	}
+
 	err = s.restoreBackupUsecase.Execute(
 		backupConfig,
 		restore,
 		database,
+		restoringToDB,
 		backup,
 		storage,
 	)

backend/internal/features/restores/usecases/postgresql/di.go

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package usecases_postgresql
 
 import (
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/logger"
 )
 
 var restorePostgresqlBackupUsecase = &RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase{
 	logger.GetLogger(),
-	users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+	secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 }
 
 func GetRestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase() *RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase {

backend/internal/features/restores/usecases/postgresql/restore_backup_uc.go

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import (
 	backups_config "postgresus-backend/internal/features/backups/config"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases"
 	pgtypes "postgresus-backend/internal/features/databases/databases/postgresql"
+	encryption_secrets "postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/restores/models"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/storages"
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
 	util_encryption "postgresus-backend/internal/util/encryption"
 	files_utils "postgresus-backend/internal/util/files"
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/util/tools"
@@ -31,18 +31,19 @@ import (
 )
 
 type RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase struct {
-	logger        *slog.Logger
-	secretKeyRepo *users_repositories.SecretKeyRepository
+	logger           *slog.Logger
+	secretKeyService *encryption_secrets.SecretKeyService
 }
 
 func (uc *RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase) Execute(
-	database *databases.Database,
+	originalDB *databases.Database,
+	restoringToDB *databases.Database,
 	backupConfig *backups_config.BackupConfig,
 	restore models.Restore,
 	backup *backups.Backup,
 	storage *storages.Storage,
 ) error {
-	if database.Type != databases.DatabaseTypePostgres {
+	if originalDB.Type != databases.DatabaseTypePostgres {
 		return errors.New("database type not supported")
 	}
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ func (uc *RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase) Execute(
 		backup.ID,
 	)
 
-	pg := restore.Postgresql
+	pg := restoringToDB.Postgresql
 	if pg == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("postgresql configuration is required for restore")
 	}
@@ -78,11 +79,12 @@ func (uc *RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase) Execute(
 		"--verbose",   // Add verbose output to help with debugging
 		"--clean",     // Clean (drop) database objects before recreating them
 		"--if-exists", // Use IF EXISTS when dropping objects
-		"--no-owner",
+		"--no-owner",  // Skip restoring ownership
+		"--no-acl",    // Skip restoring access privileges (GRANT/REVOKE commands)
 	}
 
 	return uc.restoreFromStorage(
-		database,
+		originalDB,
 		tools.GetPostgresqlExecutable(
 			pg.Version,
 			"pg_restore",
@@ -232,7 +234,7 @@ func (uc *RestorePostgresqlBackupUsecase) downloadBackupToTempFile(
 		}
 
 		// Get master key
-		masterKey, err := uc.secretKeyRepo.GetSecretKey()
+		masterKey, err := uc.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 		if err != nil {
 			cleanupFunc()
 			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get master key for decryption: %w", err)

backend/internal/features/restores/usecases/restore_backup_uc.go

@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@ type RestoreBackupUsecase struct {
 func (uc *RestoreBackupUsecase) Execute(
 	backupConfig *backups_config.BackupConfig,
 	restore models.Restore,
-	database *databases.Database,
+	originalDB *databases.Database,
+	restoringToDB *databases.Database,
 	backup *backups.Backup,
 	storage *storages.Storage,
 ) error {
-	if database.Type == databases.DatabaseTypePostgres {
+	if originalDB.Type == databases.DatabaseTypePostgres {
 		return uc.restorePostgresqlBackupUsecase.Execute(
-			database,
+			originalDB,
+			restoringToDB,
 			backupConfig,
 			restore,
 			backup,

backend/internal/features/users/repositories/di.go

@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 package users_repositories
 
-var secretKeyRepository = &SecretKeyRepository{}
 var userRepository = &UserRepository{}
 var usersSettingsRepository = &UsersSettingsRepository{}
 
-func GetSecretKeyRepository() *SecretKeyRepository {
-	return secretKeyRepository
-}
-
 func GetUserRepository() *UserRepository {
 	return userRepository
 }

backend/internal/features/users/repositories/secret_key_repository.go

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package users_repositories
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	user_models "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/models"
-	"postgresus-backend/internal/storage"
-
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-)
-
-type SecretKeyRepository struct{}
-
-func (r *SecretKeyRepository) GetSecretKey() (string, error) {
-	var secretKey user_models.SecretKey
-
-	if err := storage.GetDb().First(&secretKey).Error; err != nil {
-		// create a new secret key if not found
-		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-			newSecretKey := user_models.SecretKey{
-				Secret: uuid.New().String() + uuid.New().String(),
-			}
-			if err := storage.GetDb().Create(&newSecretKey).Error; err != nil {
-				return "", errors.New("failed to create new secret key")
-			}
-
-			return newSecretKey.Secret, nil
-		}
-
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return secretKey.Secret, nil
-}

backend/internal/features/users/services/di.go

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package users_services
 
-import users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
+import (
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
+	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
+)
 
 var userService = &UserService{
 	users_repositories.GetUserRepository(),
-	users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+	secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 	settingsService,
 	nil,
 }

backend/internal/features/users/services/user_services.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
 
 	"postgresus-backend/internal/config"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	users_dto "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/dto"
 	users_enums "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/enums"
 	users_interfaces "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/interfaces"
@@ -25,10 +26,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type UserService struct {
-	userRepository      *users_repositories.UserRepository
-	secretKeyRepository *users_repositories.SecretKeyRepository
-	settingsService     *SettingsService
-	auditLogWriter      users_interfaces.AuditLogWriter
+	userRepository   *users_repositories.UserRepository
+	secretKeyService *secrets.SecretKeyService
+	settingsService  *SettingsService
+	auditLogWriter   users_interfaces.AuditLogWriter
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) SetAuditLogWriter(writer users_interfaces.AuditLogWriter) {
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ func (s *UserService) SignIn(
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) GetUserFromToken(token string) (*users_models.User, error) {
-	secretKey, err := s.secretKeyRepository.GetSecretKey()
+	secretKey, err := s.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get secret key: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ func (s *UserService) GetUserFromToken(token string) (*users_models.User, error)
 func (s *UserService) GenerateAccessToken(
 	user *users_models.User,
 ) (*users_dto.SignInResponseDTO, error) {
-	secretKey, err := s.secretKeyRepository.GetSecretKey()
+	secretKey, err := s.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get secret key: %w", err)
 	}

backend/internal/util/encryption/di.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package encryption
 
-import users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
+import "postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 
 var fieldEncryptor = &SecretKeyFieldEncryptor{
-	users_repositories.GetSecretKeyRepository(),
+	secrets.GetSecretKeyService(),
 }
 
 func GetFieldEncryptor() FieldEncryptor {

backend/internal/util/encryption/secret_key_field_encryptor.go

@@ -8,17 +8,16 @@ import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"postgresus-backend/internal/features/encryption/secrets"
 	"strings"
 
-	users_repositories "postgresus-backend/internal/features/users/repositories"
-
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
 
 const encryptedPrefix = "enc:"
 
 type SecretKeyFieldEncryptor struct {
-	secretKeyRepository *users_repositories.SecretKeyRepository
+	secretKeyService *secrets.SecretKeyService
 }
 
 func (e *SecretKeyFieldEncryptor) Encrypt(itemID uuid.UUID, plaintext string) (string, error) {
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ func (e *SecretKeyFieldEncryptor) Encrypt(itemID uuid.UUID, plaintext string) (s
 		return plaintext, nil
 	}
 
-	masterKey, err := e.secretKeyRepository.GetSecretKey()
+	masterKey, err := e.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get master key: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ func (e *SecretKeyFieldEncryptor) Decrypt(itemID uuid.UUID, ciphertext string) (
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to decode ciphertext: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	masterKey, err := e.secretKeyRepository.GetSecretKey()
+	masterKey, err := e.secretKeyService.GetSecretKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get master key: %w", err)
 	}

backend/migrations/20251121171746_remove_restore_id_from_postgresql_databases.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+-- +goose Up
+-- +goose StatementBegin
+
+ALTER TABLE postgresql_databases
+    DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS fk_postgresql_databases_restore_id;
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_postgresql_databases_restore_id;
+
+ALTER TABLE postgresql_databases
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS restore_id;
+
+-- +goose StatementEnd
+
+-- +goose Down
+-- +goose StatementBegin
+
+ALTER TABLE postgresql_databases
+    ADD COLUMN restore_id UUID;
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_postgresql_databases_restore_id ON postgresql_databases (restore_id);
+
+ALTER TABLE postgresql_databases
+    ADD CONSTRAINT fk_postgresql_databases_restore_id
+    FOREIGN KEY (restore_id)
+    REFERENCES restores (id)
+    ON DELETE CASCADE;
+
+-- +goose StatementEnd

frontend/src/entity/databases/api/databaseApi.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { getApplicationServer } from '../../../constants';
 import RequestOptions from '../../../shared/api/RequestOptions';
 import { apiHelper } from '../../../shared/api/apiHelper';
+import type { CreateReadOnlyUserResponse } from '../model/CreateReadOnlyUserResponse';
 import type { Database } from '../model/Database';
+import type { IsReadOnlyResponse } from '../model/IsReadOnlyResponse';
 
 export const databaseApi = {
   async createDatabase(database: Database) {
@@ -85,4 +87,22 @@ export const databaseApi = {
       )
       .then((res) => res.isUsing);
   },
+
+  async isUserReadOnly(database: Database) {
+    const requestOptions: RequestOptions = new RequestOptions();
+    requestOptions.setBody(JSON.stringify(database));
+    return apiHelper.fetchPostJson<IsReadOnlyResponse>(
+      `${getApplicationServer()}/api/v1/databases/is-readonly`,
+      requestOptions,
+    );
+  },
+
+  async createReadOnlyUser(database: Database) {
+    const requestOptions: RequestOptions = new RequestOptions();
+    requestOptions.setBody(JSON.stringify(database));
+    return apiHelper.fetchPostJson<CreateReadOnlyUserResponse>(
+      `${getApplicationServer()}/api/v1/databases/create-readonly-user`,
+      requestOptions,
+    );
+  },
 };

frontend/src/entity/databases/index.ts

@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ export { DatabaseType } from './model/DatabaseType';
 export { Period } from './model/Period';
 export { type PostgresqlDatabase } from './model/postgresql/PostgresqlDatabase';
 export { PostgresqlVersion } from './model/postgresql/PostgresqlVersion';
+export { type IsReadOnlyResponse } from './model/IsReadOnlyResponse';
+export { type CreateReadOnlyUserResponse } from './model/CreateReadOnlyUserResponse';

frontend/src/entity/databases/model/CreateReadOnlyUserResponse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export interface CreateReadOnlyUserResponse {
+  username: string;
+  password: string;
+}

frontend/src/entity/databases/model/IsReadOnlyResponse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export interface IsReadOnlyResponse {
+  isReadOnly: boolean;
+}

frontend/src/features/databases/ui/CreateDatabaseComponent.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   databaseApi,
 } from '../../../entity/databases';
 import { EditBackupConfigComponent } from '../../backups';
+import { CreateReadOnlyComponent } from './edit/CreateReadOnlyComponent';
 import { EditDatabaseBaseInfoComponent } from './edit/EditDatabaseBaseInfoComponent';
 import { EditDatabaseNotifiersComponent } from './edit/EditDatabaseNotifiersComponent';
 import { EditDatabaseSpecificDataComponent } from './edit/EditDatabaseSpecificDataComponent';
@@ -41,9 +42,9 @@ export const CreateDatabaseComponent = ({ workspaceId, onCreated, onClose }: Pro
     sendNotificationsOn: [],
   } as Database);
 
-  const [step, setStep] = useState<'base-info' | 'db-settings' | 'backup-config' | 'notifiers'>(
-    'base-info',
-  );
+  const [step, setStep] = useState<
+    'base-info' | 'db-settings' | 'create-readonly-user' | 'backup-config' | 'notifiers'
+  >('base-info');
 
   const createDatabase = async (database: Database, backupConfig: BackupConfig) => {
     setIsCreating(true);
@@ -97,12 +98,25 @@ export const CreateDatabaseComponent = ({ workspaceId, onCreated, onClose }: Pro
         isSaveToApi={false}
         onSaved={(database) => {
           setDatabase({ ...database });
-          setStep('backup-config');
+          setStep('create-readonly-user');
         }}
       />
     );
   }
 
+  if (step === 'create-readonly-user') {
+    return (
+      <CreateReadOnlyComponent
+        database={database}
+        onReadOnlyUserUpdated={(database) => {
+          setDatabase({ ...database });
+        }}
+        onGoBack={() => setStep('db-settings')}
+        onContinue={() => setStep('backup-config')}
+      />
+    );
+  }
+
   if (step === 'backup-config') {
     return (
       <EditBackupConfigComponent

frontend/src/features/databases/ui/edit/CreateReadOnlyComponent.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import { Button, Modal, Spin } from 'antd';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { type Database, databaseApi } from '../../../../entity/databases';
+
+interface Props {
+  database: Database;
+  onReadOnlyUserUpdated: (database: Database) => void;
+
+  onGoBack: () => void;
+  onContinue: () => void;
+}
+
+export const CreateReadOnlyComponent = ({
+  database,
+  onReadOnlyUserUpdated,
+  onGoBack,
+  onContinue,
+}: Props) => {
+  const [isCheckingReadOnlyUser, setIsCheckingReadOnlyUser] = useState(false);
+  const [isCreatingReadOnlyUser, setIsCreatingReadOnlyUser] = useState(false);
+  const [isShowSkipConfirmation, setShowSkipConfirmation] = useState(false);
+
+  const checkReadOnlyUser = async (): Promise<boolean> => {
+    try {
+      const response = await databaseApi.isUserReadOnly(database);
+      return response.isReadOnly;
+    } catch (e) {
+      alert((e as Error).message);
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  const createReadOnlyUser = async () => {
+    setIsCreatingReadOnlyUser(true);
+
+    try {
+      const response = await databaseApi.createReadOnlyUser(database);
+      database.postgresql!.username = response.username;
+      database.postgresql!.password = response.password;
+      onReadOnlyUserUpdated(database);
+      onContinue();
+    } catch (e) {
+      alert((e as Error).message);
+    }
+
+    setIsCreatingReadOnlyUser(false);
+  };
+
+  const handleSkip = () => {
+    setShowSkipConfirmation(true);
+  };
+
+  const handleSkipConfirmed = () => {
+    setShowSkipConfirmation(false);
+    onContinue();
+  };
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const run = async () => {
+      setIsCheckingReadOnlyUser(true);
+
+      const isReadOnly = await checkReadOnlyUser();
+      if (isReadOnly) {
+        // already has a read-only user
+        onContinue();
+      }
+
+      setIsCheckingReadOnlyUser(false);
+    };
+    run();
+  }, []);
+
+  if (isCheckingReadOnlyUser) {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex items-center">
+        <Spin />
+        <span className="ml-3">Checking read-only user...</span>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div className="mb-5">
+        <p className="mb-3 text-lg font-bold">Create a read-only user for Postgresus?</p>
+
+        <p className="mb-2">
+          A read-only user is a PostgreSQL user with limited permissions that can only read data
+          from your database, not modify it. This is recommended for backup operations because:
+        </p>
+
+        <ul className="mb-2 ml-5 list-disc">
+          <li>it prevents accidental data modifications during backup</li>
+          <li>it follows the principle of least privilege</li>
+          <li>it&apos;s a security best practice</li>
+        </ul>
+
+        <p className="mb-2">
+          Postgresus enforce enterprise-grade security (
+          <a href="https://postgresus.com/security" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
+            read in details here
+          </a>
+          ). However, it is not possible to be covered from all possible risks.
+        </p>
+
+        <p className="mt-3">
+          <b>Read-only user allows to avoid storing credentials with write access at all</b>. Even
+          in the worst case of hacking, nobody will be able to corrupt your data.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="mt-5 flex">
+        <Button className="mr-auto" type="primary" ghost onClick={() => onGoBack()}>
+          Back
+        </Button>
+
+        <Button className="mr-2 ml-auto" danger ghost onClick={handleSkip}>
+          Skip
+        </Button>
+
+        <Button
+          type="primary"
+          onClick={createReadOnlyUser}
+          loading={isCreatingReadOnlyUser}
+          disabled={isCreatingReadOnlyUser}
+        >
+          Yes, create read-only user
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+
+      <Modal
+        title="Skip read-only user creation?"
+        open={isShowSkipConfirmation}
+        onCancel={() => setShowSkipConfirmation(false)}
+        footer={null}
+        width={450}
+      >
+        <div className="mb-5">
+          <p className="mb-2">Are you sure you want to skip creating a read-only user?</p>
+
+          <p className="mb-2">
+            Using a user with full permissions for backups is not recommended and may pose security
+            risks. Postgresus is highly recommending you to not skip this step.
+          </p>
+
+          <p>
+            100% protection is never possible. It&apos;s better to be safe in case of 0.01% risk of
+            full hacking. So it is better to follow the secure way with read-only user.
+          </p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="flex justify-end">
+          <Button className="mr-2" danger onClick={handleSkipConfirmed}>
+            Yes, I accept risks
+          </Button>
+
+          <Button type="primary" onClick={() => setShowSkipConfirmation(false)}>
+            Let&apos;s continue with the secure way
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      </Modal>
+    </div>
+  );
+};

frontend/src/features/restores/ui/RestoresComponent.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { ExclamationCircleOutlined, SyncOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import { CopyOutlined, ExclamationCircleOutlined, SyncOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import { CheckCircleOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
-import { Button, Modal, Spin, Tooltip } from 'antd';
+import { App, Button, Modal, Spin, Tooltip } from 'antd';
 import dayjs from 'dayjs';
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export const RestoresComponent = ({ database, backup }: Props) => {
+  const { message } = App.useApp();
+
   const [editingDatabase, setEditingDatabase] = useState<Database>({
     ...database,
     postgresql: database.postgresql
       ? ({
           ...database.postgresql,
+          username: undefined,
           host: undefined,
           port: undefined,
           password: undefined,
@@ -231,9 +234,21 @@ export const RestoresComponent = ({ database, backup }: Props) => {
           title="Restore error details"
           open={!!showingRestoreError}
           onCancel={() => setShowingRestoreError(undefined)}
-          footer={null}
+          footer={
+            <Button
+              icon={<CopyOutlined />}
+              onClick={() => {
+                navigator.clipboard.writeText(showingRestoreError.failMessage || '');
+                message.success('Error message copied to clipboard');
+              }}
+            >
+              Copy
+            </Button>
+          }
         >
-          <div className="text-sm">{showingRestoreError.failMessage}</div>
+          <div className="overflow-y-auto text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap" style={{ height: '400px' }}>
+            {showingRestoreError.failMessage}
+          </div>
         </Modal>
       )}
     </div>