diff --git a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/avatarTransforms.test.js b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/avatarTransforms.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf1e670d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/avatarTransforms.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { createDefaultAvatarRef } from '../avatarTransforms';
+
+describe('createDefaultAvatarRef', () => {
+    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultAvatarRef({});
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.name).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.version).toBe(0);
+        expect(ref.tags).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultAvatarRef({
+            id: 'avtr_123',
+            name: 'My Avatar'
+        });
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('avtr_123');
+        expect(ref.name).toBe('My Avatar');
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/entityTransforms.test.js b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/entityTransforms.test.js
index e8c803f5..cadbdefd 100644
--- a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/entityTransforms.test.js
+++ b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/entityTransforms.test.js
@@ -1,66 +1,9 @@
 import {
-    sanitizeUserJson,
     sanitizeEntityJson,
-    computeTrustLevel,
-    computeUserPlatform,
-    computeDisabledContentSettings,
-    diffObjectProps,
-    createDefaultUserRef,
-    createDefaultWorldRef,
-    createDefaultAvatarRef,
-    createDefaultGroupRef,
-    createDefaultInstanceRef,
     createDefaultFavoriteGroupRef,
     createDefaultFavoriteCachedRef
 } from '../entityTransforms';
 
-describe('sanitizeUserJson', () => {
-    it('applies replaceBioSymbols to statusDescription, bio, note', () => {
-        const json = {
-            statusDescription: 'hello？ world',
-            bio: 'test＃ bio',
-            note: 'test＠ note'
-        };
-        sanitizeUserJson(json, '');
-        // replaceBioSymbols replaces Unicode look-alikes with ASCII
-        expect(json.statusDescription).toContain('?');
-        expect(json.bio).toContain('#');
-        expect(json.note).toContain('@');
-    });
-
-    it('removes emojis from statusDescription', () => {
-        const json = { statusDescription: 'hello 🎉 world' };
-        sanitizeUserJson(json, '');
-        // removeEmojis removes emoji then collapses whitespace
-        expect(json.statusDescription).toBe('hello world');
-    });
-
-    it('strips robot avatar URL', () => {
-        const robotUrl = 'https://example.com/robot.png';
-        const json = {
-            currentAvatarImageUrl: robotUrl,
-            currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl: 'thumb.png'
-        };
-        sanitizeUserJson(json, robotUrl);
-        expect(json.currentAvatarImageUrl).toBeUndefined();
-        expect(json.currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('keeps avatar URL when it does not match robot', () => {
-        const json = {
-            currentAvatarImageUrl: 'https://example.com/user.png',
-            currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl: 'thumb.png'
-        };
-        sanitizeUserJson(json, 'https://example.com/robot.png');
-        expect(json.currentAvatarImageUrl).toBe('https://example.com/user.png');
-    });
-
-    it('handles missing fields gracefully', () => {
-        const json = { id: 'usr_123' };
-        expect(() => sanitizeUserJson(json, '')).not.toThrow();
-    });
-});
-
 describe('sanitizeEntityJson', () => {
     it('applies replaceBioSymbols to specified fields', () => {
         const json = {
@@ -82,286 +25,6 @@ describe('sanitizeEntityJson', () => {
     });
 });
 
-describe('computeTrustLevel', () => {
-    it('returns Visitor for empty tags', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel([], '');
-        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('Visitor');
-        expect(result.trustClass).toBe('x-tag-untrusted');
-        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('untrusted');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(1);
-    });
-
-    it('returns Trusted User for veteran tags', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_veteran'], '');
-        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('Trusted User');
-        expect(result.trustClass).toBe('x-tag-veteran');
-        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('veteran');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(5);
-    });
-
-    it('returns Known User for trusted tags', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_trusted'], '');
-        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('Known User');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(4);
-    });
-
-    it('returns User for known tags', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_known'], '');
-        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('User');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(3);
-    });
-
-    it('returns New User for basic tags', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_basic'], '');
-        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('New User');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(2);
-    });
-
-    it('detects troll status', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(
-            ['system_troll', 'system_trust_known'],
-            ''
-        );
-        expect(result.isTroll).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('troll');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBeCloseTo(3.1); // 3 + 0.1
-    });
-
-    it('detects probable troll when not already troll', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(
-            ['system_probable_troll', 'system_trust_basic'],
-            ''
-        );
-        expect(result.isProbableTroll).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.isTroll).toBe(false);
-        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('troll');
-    });
-
-    it('probable troll is not set when already troll', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(
-            ['system_troll', 'system_probable_troll'],
-            ''
-        );
-        expect(result.isTroll).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.isProbableTroll).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('detects moderator from developerType', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel([], 'internal');
-        expect(result.isModerator).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('vip');
-        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBeCloseTo(1.3); // 1 + 0.3
-    });
-
-    it('detects moderator from admin_moderator tag', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel(
-            ['admin_moderator', 'system_trust_veteran'],
-            ''
-        );
-        expect(result.isModerator).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('vip');
-    });
-
-    it('does not treat "none" developerType as moderator', () => {
-        const result = computeTrustLevel([], 'none');
-        expect(result.isModerator).toBe(false);
-    });
-});
-
-describe('computeUserPlatform', () => {
-    it('returns platform when valid', () => {
-        expect(computeUserPlatform('standalonewindows', 'android')).toBe(
-            'standalonewindows'
-        );
-    });
-
-    it('falls back to last_platform when platform is "offline"', () => {
-        expect(computeUserPlatform('offline', 'android')).toBe('android');
-    });
-
-    it('falls back to last_platform when platform is "web"', () => {
-        expect(computeUserPlatform('web', 'ios')).toBe('ios');
-    });
-
-    it('falls back to last_platform when platform is empty', () => {
-        expect(computeUserPlatform('', 'standalonewindows')).toBe(
-            'standalonewindows'
-        );
-    });
-
-    it('returns empty string when both are empty', () => {
-        expect(computeUserPlatform('', '')).toBe('');
-    });
-});
-
-describe('computeDisabledContentSettings', () => {
-    const settingsList = ['gore', 'nudity', 'violence'];
-
-    it('returns empty for null contentSettings', () => {
-        expect(computeDisabledContentSettings(null, settingsList)).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it('returns empty for empty object', () => {
-        expect(computeDisabledContentSettings({}, settingsList)).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it('returns disabled settings (false values)', () => {
-        const result = computeDisabledContentSettings(
-            { gore: false, nudity: true, violence: false },
-            settingsList
-        );
-        expect(result).toEqual(['gore', 'violence']);
-    });
-
-    it('skips undefined settings', () => {
-        const result = computeDisabledContentSettings(
-            { gore: true },
-            settingsList
-        );
-        expect(result).toEqual([]);
-    });
-});
-
-describe('diffObjectProps', () => {
-    const arraysMatch = (a, b) =>
-        a.length === b.length && a.every((v, i) => v === b[i]);
-
-    it('detects changed primitive props', () => {
-        const ref = { name: 'old', id: '1' };
-        const json = { name: 'new', id: '1' };
-        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
-        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.changedProps.name).toEqual(['new', 'old']);
-    });
-
-    it('detects unchanged props', () => {
-        const ref = { name: 'same', id: '1' };
-        const json = { name: 'same', id: '1' };
-        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
-        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('detects changed arrays', () => {
-        const ref = { tags: ['a', 'b'] };
-        const json = { tags: ['a', 'c'] };
-        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
-        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(true);
-        expect(result.changedProps.tags).toBeDefined();
-    });
-
-    it('ignores props only in json (not in ref)', () => {
-        const ref = { id: '1' };
-        const json = { id: '1', newProp: 'value' };
-        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
-        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('ignores props only in ref (not in json)', () => {
-        const ref = { id: '1', extra: 'value' };
-        const json = { id: '1' };
-        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
-        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(false);
-    });
-});
-
-describe('createDefaultUserRef', () => {
-    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultUserRef({});
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.displayName).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.tags).toEqual([]);
-        expect(ref.$trustLevel).toBe('Visitor');
-        expect(ref.$platform).toBe('');
-    });
-
-    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultUserRef({
-            id: 'usr_123',
-            displayName: 'Test'
-        });
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('usr_123');
-        expect(ref.displayName).toBe('Test');
-        expect(ref.bio).toBe('');
-    });
-});
-
-describe('createDefaultWorldRef', () => {
-    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultWorldRef({});
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.name).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.capacity).toBe(0);
-        expect(ref.$isLabs).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultWorldRef({
-            id: 'wrld_123',
-            name: 'Test World'
-        });
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('wrld_123');
-        expect(ref.name).toBe('Test World');
-    });
-});
-
-describe('createDefaultAvatarRef', () => {
-    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultAvatarRef({});
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.name).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.version).toBe(0);
-        expect(ref.tags).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultAvatarRef({
-            id: 'avtr_123',
-            name: 'My Avatar'
-        });
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('avtr_123');
-        expect(ref.name).toBe('My Avatar');
-    });
-});
-
-describe('createDefaultGroupRef', () => {
-    it('creates object with defaults including myMember', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultGroupRef({});
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.name).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.myMember).toBeDefined();
-        expect(ref.myMember.roleIds).toEqual([]);
-        expect(ref.roles).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultGroupRef({
-            id: 'grp_123',
-            name: 'Test Group'
-        });
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('grp_123');
-    });
-});
-
-describe('createDefaultInstanceRef', () => {
-    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultInstanceRef({});
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.capacity).toBe(0);
-        expect(ref.hasCapacityForYou).toBe(true);
-        expect(ref.$fetchedAt).toBe('');
-        expect(ref.$disabledContentSettings).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
-        const ref = createDefaultInstanceRef({
-            id: 'wrld_123:12345',
-            capacity: 40
-        });
-        expect(ref.id).toBe('wrld_123:12345');
-        expect(ref.capacity).toBe(40);
-    });
-});
-
 describe('createDefaultFavoriteGroupRef', () => {
     it('creates object with defaults', () => {
         const ref = createDefaultFavoriteGroupRef({});
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/groupTransforms.test.js b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/groupTransforms.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8018df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/groupTransforms.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { createDefaultGroupRef } from '../groupTransforms';
+
+describe('createDefaultGroupRef', () => {
+    it('creates object with defaults including myMember', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultGroupRef({});
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.name).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.myMember).toBeDefined();
+        expect(ref.myMember.roleIds).toEqual([]);
+        expect(ref.roles).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultGroupRef({
+            id: 'grp_123',
+            name: 'Test Group'
+        });
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('grp_123');
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/instanceTransforms.test.js b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/instanceTransforms.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1056a0f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/instanceTransforms.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import {
+    computeDisabledContentSettings,
+    createDefaultInstanceRef
+} from '../instanceTransforms';
+
+describe('computeDisabledContentSettings', () => {
+    const settingsList = ['gore', 'nudity', 'violence'];
+
+    it('returns empty for null contentSettings', () => {
+        expect(computeDisabledContentSettings(null, settingsList)).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns empty for empty object', () => {
+        expect(computeDisabledContentSettings({}, settingsList)).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns disabled settings (false values)', () => {
+        const result = computeDisabledContentSettings(
+            { gore: false, nudity: true, violence: false },
+            settingsList
+        );
+        expect(result).toEqual(['gore', 'violence']);
+    });
+
+    it('skips undefined settings', () => {
+        const result = computeDisabledContentSettings(
+            { gore: true },
+            settingsList
+        );
+        expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    });
+});
+
+describe('createDefaultInstanceRef', () => {
+    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultInstanceRef({});
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.capacity).toBe(0);
+        expect(ref.hasCapacityForYou).toBe(true);
+        expect(ref.$fetchedAt).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.$disabledContentSettings).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultInstanceRef({
+            id: 'wrld_123:12345',
+            capacity: 40
+        });
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('wrld_123:12345');
+        expect(ref.capacity).toBe(40);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/userTransforms.test.js b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/userTransforms.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b02adc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/userTransforms.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import {
+    sanitizeUserJson,
+    computeTrustLevel,
+    computeUserPlatform,
+    diffObjectProps,
+    createDefaultUserRef
+} from '../userTransforms';
+
+describe('sanitizeUserJson', () => {
+    it('applies replaceBioSymbols to statusDescription, bio, note', () => {
+        const json = {
+            statusDescription: 'hello？ world',
+            bio: 'test＃ bio',
+            note: 'test＠ note'
+        };
+        sanitizeUserJson(json, '');
+        // replaceBioSymbols replaces Unicode look-alikes with ASCII
+        expect(json.statusDescription).toContain('?');
+        expect(json.bio).toContain('#');
+        expect(json.note).toContain('@');
+    });
+
+    it('removes emojis from statusDescription', () => {
+        const json = { statusDescription: 'hello 🎉 world' };
+        sanitizeUserJson(json, '');
+        // removeEmojis removes emoji then collapses whitespace
+        expect(json.statusDescription).toBe('hello world');
+    });
+
+    it('strips robot avatar URL', () => {
+        const robotUrl = 'https://example.com/robot.png';
+        const json = {
+            currentAvatarImageUrl: robotUrl,
+            currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl: 'thumb.png'
+        };
+        sanitizeUserJson(json, robotUrl);
+        expect(json.currentAvatarImageUrl).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(json.currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('keeps avatar URL when it does not match robot', () => {
+        const json = {
+            currentAvatarImageUrl: 'https://example.com/user.png',
+            currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl: 'thumb.png'
+        };
+        sanitizeUserJson(json, 'https://example.com/robot.png');
+        expect(json.currentAvatarImageUrl).toBe('https://example.com/user.png');
+    });
+
+    it('handles missing fields gracefully', () => {
+        const json = { id: 'usr_123' };
+        expect(() => sanitizeUserJson(json, '')).not.toThrow();
+    });
+});
+
+describe('computeTrustLevel', () => {
+    it('returns Visitor for empty tags', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel([], '');
+        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('Visitor');
+        expect(result.trustClass).toBe('x-tag-untrusted');
+        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('untrusted');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('returns Trusted User for veteran tags', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_veteran'], '');
+        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('Trusted User');
+        expect(result.trustClass).toBe('x-tag-veteran');
+        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('veteran');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('returns Known User for trusted tags', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_trusted'], '');
+        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('Known User');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(4);
+    });
+
+    it('returns User for known tags', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_known'], '');
+        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('User');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('returns New User for basic tags', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(['system_trust_basic'], '');
+        expect(result.trustLevel).toBe('New User');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('detects troll status', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(
+            ['system_troll', 'system_trust_known'],
+            ''
+        );
+        expect(result.isTroll).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('troll');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBeCloseTo(3.1); // 3 + 0.1
+    });
+
+    it('detects probable troll when not already troll', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(
+            ['system_probable_troll', 'system_trust_basic'],
+            ''
+        );
+        expect(result.isProbableTroll).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.isTroll).toBe(false);
+        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('troll');
+    });
+
+    it('probable troll is not set when already troll', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(
+            ['system_troll', 'system_probable_troll'],
+            ''
+        );
+        expect(result.isTroll).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.isProbableTroll).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('detects moderator from developerType', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel([], 'internal');
+        expect(result.isModerator).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('vip');
+        expect(result.trustSortNum).toBeCloseTo(1.3); // 1 + 0.3
+    });
+
+    it('detects moderator from admin_moderator tag', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel(
+            ['admin_moderator', 'system_trust_veteran'],
+            ''
+        );
+        expect(result.isModerator).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.trustColorKey).toBe('vip');
+    });
+
+    it('does not treat "none" developerType as moderator', () => {
+        const result = computeTrustLevel([], 'none');
+        expect(result.isModerator).toBe(false);
+    });
+});
+
+describe('computeUserPlatform', () => {
+    it('returns platform when valid', () => {
+        expect(computeUserPlatform('standalonewindows', 'android')).toBe(
+            'standalonewindows'
+        );
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to last_platform when platform is "offline"', () => {
+        expect(computeUserPlatform('offline', 'android')).toBe('android');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to last_platform when platform is "web"', () => {
+        expect(computeUserPlatform('web', 'ios')).toBe('ios');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to last_platform when platform is empty', () => {
+        expect(computeUserPlatform('', 'standalonewindows')).toBe(
+            'standalonewindows'
+        );
+    });
+
+    it('returns empty string when both are empty', () => {
+        expect(computeUserPlatform('', '')).toBe('');
+    });
+});
+
+describe('diffObjectProps', () => {
+    const arraysMatch = (a, b) =>
+        a.length === b.length && a.every((v, i) => v === b[i]);
+
+    it('detects changed primitive props', () => {
+        const ref = { name: 'old', id: '1' };
+        const json = { name: 'new', id: '1' };
+        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
+        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.changedProps.name).toEqual(['new', 'old']);
+    });
+
+    it('detects unchanged props', () => {
+        const ref = { name: 'same', id: '1' };
+        const json = { name: 'same', id: '1' };
+        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
+        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('detects changed arrays', () => {
+        const ref = { tags: ['a', 'b'] };
+        const json = { tags: ['a', 'c'] };
+        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
+        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.changedProps.tags).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('ignores props only in json (not in ref)', () => {
+        const ref = { id: '1' };
+        const json = { id: '1', newProp: 'value' };
+        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
+        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('ignores props only in ref (not in json)', () => {
+        const ref = { id: '1', extra: 'value' };
+        const json = { id: '1' };
+        const result = diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatch);
+        expect(result.hasPropChanged).toBe(false);
+    });
+});
+
+describe('createDefaultUserRef', () => {
+    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultUserRef({});
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.displayName).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.tags).toEqual([]);
+        expect(ref.$trustLevel).toBe('Visitor');
+        expect(ref.$platform).toBe('');
+    });
+
+    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultUserRef({
+            id: 'usr_123',
+            displayName: 'Test'
+        });
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('usr_123');
+        expect(ref.displayName).toBe('Test');
+        expect(ref.bio).toBe('');
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/__tests__/worldTransforms.test.js b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/worldTransforms.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31776116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/__tests__/worldTransforms.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { createDefaultWorldRef } from '../worldTransforms';
+
+describe('createDefaultWorldRef', () => {
+    it('creates object with defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultWorldRef({});
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.name).toBe('');
+        expect(ref.capacity).toBe(0);
+        expect(ref.$isLabs).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('spreads json over defaults', () => {
+        const ref = createDefaultWorldRef({
+            id: 'wrld_123',
+            name: 'Test World'
+        });
+        expect(ref.id).toBe('wrld_123');
+        expect(ref.name).toBe('Test World');
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/avatarTransforms.js b/src/shared/utils/avatarTransforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ac26b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/avatarTransforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * Create a default avatar ref object.
+ * @param {object} json - API response to merge
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+export function createDefaultAvatarRef(json) {
+    return {
+        acknowledgements: '',
+        authorId: '',
+        authorName: '',
+        created_at: '',
+        description: '',
+        featured: false,
+        highestPrice: null,
+        id: '',
+        imageUrl: '',
+        listingDate: null,
+        lock: false,
+        lowestPrice: null,
+        name: '',
+        pendingUpload: false,
+        performance: {},
+        productId: null,
+        publishedListings: [],
+        releaseStatus: '',
+        searchable: false,
+        styles: [],
+        tags: [],
+        thumbnailImageUrl: '',
+        unityPackageUrl: '',
+        unityPackageUrlObject: {},
+        unityPackages: [],
+        updated_at: '',
+        version: 0,
+        ...json
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/entityTransforms.js b/src/shared/utils/entityTransforms.js
index eb197867..15c7cd16 100644
--- a/src/shared/utils/entityTransforms.js
+++ b/src/shared/utils/entityTransforms.js
@@ -1,31 +1,4 @@
-import { removeEmojis, replaceBioSymbols } from './base/string';
-
-/**
- * Sanitize user JSON fields before applying to cache.
- * Applies replaceBioSymbols to statusDescription, bio, note;
- * removeEmojis to statusDescription;
- * strips robot avatar URL.
- * @param {object} json - Raw user API response
- * @param {string} robotUrl - The robot/default avatar URL to strip
- * @returns {object} The mutated json (same reference)
- */
-export function sanitizeUserJson(json, robotUrl) {
-    if (json.statusDescription) {
-        json.statusDescription = replaceBioSymbols(json.statusDescription);
-        json.statusDescription = removeEmojis(json.statusDescription);
-    }
-    if (json.bio) {
-        json.bio = replaceBioSymbols(json.bio);
-    }
-    if (json.note) {
-        json.note = replaceBioSymbols(json.note);
-    }
-    if (robotUrl && json.currentAvatarImageUrl === robotUrl) {
-        delete json.currentAvatarImageUrl;
-        delete json.currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl;
-    }
-    return json;
-}
+import { replaceBioSymbols } from './base/string';
 
 /**
  * Sanitize arbitrary entity JSON fields via replaceBioSymbols.
@@ -42,455 +15,6 @@ export function sanitizeEntityJson(json, fields) {
     return json;
 }
 
-/**
- * Compute trust level, moderator status, and troll status from user tags.
- * Pure function — no store dependencies.
- * @param {string[]} tags - User tags array
- * @param {string} developerType - User's developerType field
- * @returns {{
- *   trustLevel: string,
- *   trustClass: string,
- *   trustSortNum: number,
- *   isModerator: boolean,
- *   isTroll: boolean,
- *   isProbableTroll: boolean,
- *   trustColorKey: string
- * }}
- */
-export function computeTrustLevel(tags, developerType) {
-    let isModerator = Boolean(developerType) && developerType !== 'none';
-    let isTroll = false;
-    let isProbableTroll = false;
-    let trustLevel = 'Visitor';
-    let trustClass = 'x-tag-untrusted';
-    let trustColorKey = 'untrusted';
-    let trustSortNum = 1;
-
-    if (tags.includes('admin_moderator')) {
-        isModerator = true;
-    }
-    if (tags.includes('system_troll')) {
-        isTroll = true;
-    }
-    if (tags.includes('system_probable_troll') && !isTroll) {
-        isProbableTroll = true;
-    }
-
-    if (tags.includes('system_trust_veteran')) {
-        trustLevel = 'Trusted User';
-        trustClass = 'x-tag-veteran';
-        trustColorKey = 'veteran';
-        trustSortNum = 5;
-    } else if (tags.includes('system_trust_trusted')) {
-        trustLevel = 'Known User';
-        trustClass = 'x-tag-trusted';
-        trustColorKey = 'trusted';
-        trustSortNum = 4;
-    } else if (tags.includes('system_trust_known')) {
-        trustLevel = 'User';
-        trustClass = 'x-tag-known';
-        trustColorKey = 'known';
-        trustSortNum = 3;
-    } else if (tags.includes('system_trust_basic')) {
-        trustLevel = 'New User';
-        trustClass = 'x-tag-basic';
-        trustColorKey = 'basic';
-        trustSortNum = 2;
-    }
-
-    if (isTroll || isProbableTroll) {
-        trustColorKey = 'troll';
-        trustSortNum += 0.1;
-    }
-    if (isModerator) {
-        trustColorKey = 'vip';
-        trustSortNum += 0.3;
-    }
-
-    return {
-        trustLevel,
-        trustClass,
-        trustSortNum,
-        isModerator,
-        isTroll,
-        isProbableTroll,
-        trustColorKey
-    };
-}
-
-/**
- * Determine the effective user platform.
- * @param {string} platform - Current platform
- * @param {string} lastPlatform - Last known platform
- * @returns {string} Resolved platform
- */
-export function computeUserPlatform(platform, lastPlatform) {
-    if (platform && platform !== 'offline' && platform !== 'web') {
-        return platform;
-    }
-    return lastPlatform || '';
-}
-
-/**
- * Compute which content settings are disabled for an instance.
- * @param {object} contentSettings - The instance's contentSettings object
- * @param {string[]} settingsList - List of all possible content setting keys
- * @returns {string[]} Array of disabled setting keys
- */
-export function computeDisabledContentSettings(contentSettings, settingsList) {
-    const disabled = [];
-    if (!contentSettings || Object.keys(contentSettings).length === 0) {
-        return disabled;
-    }
-    for (const setting of settingsList) {
-        if (
-            typeof contentSettings[setting] === 'undefined' ||
-            contentSettings[setting] === true
-        ) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        disabled.push(setting);
-    }
-    return disabled;
-}
-
-/**
- * Detect which properties changed between an existing ref and incoming JSON.
- * Compares primitives directly; arrays via arraysMatchFn.
- * @param {object} ref - The existing cached object
- * @param {object} json - The incoming update
- * @param {(a: any[], b: any[]) => boolean} arraysMatchFn - Function to compare arrays
- * @returns {{ hasPropChanged: boolean, changedProps: object }}
- */
-export function diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatchFn) {
-    const changedProps = {};
-    let hasPropChanged = false;
-
-    // Only compare primitive values
-    for (const prop in ref) {
-        if (typeof json[prop] === 'undefined') {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (ref[prop] === null || typeof ref[prop] !== 'object') {
-            changedProps[prop] = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Check json props against ref (including array comparison)
-    for (const prop in json) {
-        if (typeof ref[prop] === 'undefined') {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (Array.isArray(json[prop]) && Array.isArray(ref[prop])) {
-            if (!arraysMatchFn(json[prop], ref[prop])) {
-                changedProps[prop] = true;
-            }
-        } else if (json[prop] === null || typeof json[prop] !== 'object') {
-            changedProps[prop] = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Resolve actual changes
-    for (const prop in changedProps) {
-        const asIs = ref[prop];
-        const toBe = json[prop];
-        if (asIs === toBe) {
-            delete changedProps[prop];
-        } else {
-            hasPropChanged = true;
-            changedProps[prop] = [toBe, asIs];
-        }
-    }
-
-    return { hasPropChanged, changedProps };
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a default user ref object with all expected fields.
- * Returns a plain object (caller wraps in reactive() if needed).
- * @param {object} json - API response to merge
- * @returns {object} Default user object with json spread on top
- */
-export function createDefaultUserRef(json) {
-    return {
-        ageVerificationStatus: '',
-        ageVerified: false,
-        allowAvatarCopying: false,
-        badges: [],
-        bio: '',
-        bioLinks: [],
-        currentAvatarImageUrl: '',
-        currentAvatarTags: [],
-        currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl: '',
-        date_joined: '',
-        developerType: '',
-        discordId: '',
-        displayName: '',
-        friendKey: '',
-        friendRequestStatus: '',
-        id: '',
-        instanceId: '',
-        isFriend: false,
-        last_activity: '',
-        last_login: '',
-        last_mobile: null,
-        last_platform: '',
-        location: '',
-        platform: '',
-        note: null,
-        profilePicOverride: '',
-        profilePicOverrideThumbnail: '',
-        pronouns: '',
-        state: '',
-        status: '',
-        statusDescription: '',
-        tags: [],
-        travelingToInstance: '',
-        travelingToLocation: '',
-        travelingToWorld: '',
-        userIcon: '',
-        worldId: '',
-        // only in bulk request
-        fallbackAvatar: '',
-        // VRCX
-        $location: {},
-        $location_at: Date.now(),
-        $online_for: Date.now(),
-        $travelingToTime: Date.now(),
-        $offline_for: null,
-        $active_for: Date.now(),
-        $isVRCPlus: false,
-        $isModerator: false,
-        $isTroll: false,
-        $isProbableTroll: false,
-        $trustLevel: 'Visitor',
-        $trustClass: 'x-tag-untrusted',
-        $userColour: '',
-        $trustSortNum: 1,
-        $languages: [],
-        $joinCount: 0,
-        $timeSpent: 0,
-        $lastSeen: '',
-        $mutualCount: 0,
-        $nickName: '',
-        $previousLocation: '',
-        $customTag: '',
-        $customTagColour: '',
-        $friendNumber: 0,
-        $platform: '',
-        $moderations: {},
-        //
-        ...json
-    };
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a default world ref object.
- * @param {object} json - API response to merge
- * @returns {object}
- */
-export function createDefaultWorldRef(json) {
-    return {
-        id: '',
-        name: '',
-        description: '',
-        defaultContentSettings: {},
-        authorId: '',
-        authorName: '',
-        capacity: 0,
-        recommendedCapacity: 0,
-        tags: [],
-        releaseStatus: '',
-        imageUrl: '',
-        thumbnailImageUrl: '',
-        assetUrl: '',
-        assetUrlObject: {},
-        pluginUrl: '',
-        pluginUrlObject: {},
-        unityPackageUrl: '',
-        unityPackageUrlObject: {},
-        unityPackages: [],
-        version: 0,
-        favorites: 0,
-        created_at: '',
-        updated_at: '',
-        publicationDate: '',
-        labsPublicationDate: '',
-        visits: 0,
-        popularity: 0,
-        heat: 0,
-        publicOccupants: 0,
-        privateOccupants: 0,
-        occupants: 0,
-        instances: [],
-        featured: false,
-        organization: '',
-        previewYoutubeId: '',
-        // VRCX
-        $isLabs: false,
-        //
-        ...json
-    };
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a default avatar ref object.
- * @param {object} json - API response to merge
- * @returns {object}
- */
-export function createDefaultAvatarRef(json) {
-    return {
-        acknowledgements: '',
-        authorId: '',
-        authorName: '',
-        created_at: '',
-        description: '',
-        featured: false,
-        highestPrice: null,
-        id: '',
-        imageUrl: '',
-        listingDate: null,
-        lock: false,
-        lowestPrice: null,
-        name: '',
-        pendingUpload: false,
-        performance: {},
-        productId: null,
-        publishedListings: [],
-        releaseStatus: '',
-        searchable: false,
-        styles: [],
-        tags: [],
-        thumbnailImageUrl: '',
-        unityPackageUrl: '',
-        unityPackageUrlObject: {},
-        unityPackages: [],
-        updated_at: '',
-        version: 0,
-        ...json
-    };
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a default group ref object.
- * @param {object} json - API response to merge
- * @returns {object}
- */
-export function createDefaultGroupRef(json) {
-    return {
-        id: '',
-        name: '',
-        shortCode: '',
-        description: '',
-        bannerId: '',
-        bannerUrl: '',
-        createdAt: '',
-        discriminator: '',
-        galleries: [],
-        iconId: '',
-        iconUrl: '',
-        isVerified: false,
-        joinState: '',
-        languages: [],
-        links: [],
-        memberCount: 0,
-        memberCountSyncedAt: '',
-        membershipStatus: '',
-        onlineMemberCount: 0,
-        ownerId: '',
-        privacy: '',
-        rules: null,
-        tags: [],
-        // in group
-        initialRoleIds: [],
-        myMember: {
-            bannedAt: null,
-            groupId: '',
-            has2FA: false,
-            id: '',
-            isRepresenting: false,
-            isSubscribedToAnnouncements: false,
-            joinedAt: '',
-            managerNotes: '',
-            membershipStatus: '',
-            permissions: [],
-            roleIds: [],
-            userId: '',
-            visibility: '',
-            _created_at: '',
-            _id: '',
-            _updated_at: ''
-        },
-        updatedAt: '',
-        // includeRoles: true
-        roles: [],
-        // group list
-        $memberId: '',
-        groupId: '',
-        isRepresenting: false,
-        memberVisibility: false,
-        mutualGroup: false,
-        // VRCX
-        $languages: [],
-        ...json
-    };
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a default instance ref object.
- * @param {object} json - API response to merge
- * @returns {object}
- */
-export function createDefaultInstanceRef(json) {
-    return {
-        id: '',
-        location: '',
-        instanceId: '',
-        name: '',
-        worldId: '',
-        type: '',
-        ownerId: '',
-        tags: [],
-        active: false,
-        full: false,
-        n_users: 0,
-        hasCapacityForYou: true, // not present depending on endpoint
-        capacity: 0,
-        recommendedCapacity: 0,
-        userCount: 0,
-        queueEnabled: false, // only present with group instance type
-        queueSize: 0, // only present when queuing is enabled
-        platforms: {},
-        gameServerVersion: 0,
-        hardClose: null, // boolean or null
-        closedAt: null, // string or null
-        secureName: '',
-        shortName: '',
-        world: {},
-        users: [], // only present when you're the owner
-        clientNumber: '',
-        contentSettings: {},
-        photonRegion: '',
-        region: '',
-        canRequestInvite: false,
-        permanent: false,
-        private: '', // part of instance tag
-        hidden: '', // part of instance tag
-        nonce: '', // only present when you're the owner
-        strict: false, // deprecated
-        displayName: null,
-        groupAccessType: null, // only present with group instance type
-        roleRestricted: false, // only present with group instance type
-        instancePersistenceEnabled: null,
-        playerPersistenceEnabled: null,
-        ageGate: null,
-        // VRCX
-        $fetchedAt: '',
-        $disabledContentSettings: [],
-        ...json
-    };
-}
-
 /**
  * Build a default favorite group ref from JSON data.
  * @param {object} json
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/groupTransforms.js b/src/shared/utils/groupTransforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08f4e507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/groupTransforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Create a default group ref object.
+ * @param {object} json - API response to merge
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+export function createDefaultGroupRef(json) {
+    return {
+        id: '',
+        name: '',
+        shortCode: '',
+        description: '',
+        bannerId: '',
+        bannerUrl: '',
+        createdAt: '',
+        discriminator: '',
+        galleries: [],
+        iconId: '',
+        iconUrl: '',
+        isVerified: false,
+        joinState: '',
+        languages: [],
+        links: [],
+        memberCount: 0,
+        memberCountSyncedAt: '',
+        membershipStatus: '',
+        onlineMemberCount: 0,
+        ownerId: '',
+        privacy: '',
+        rules: null,
+        tags: [],
+        // in group
+        initialRoleIds: [],
+        myMember: {
+            bannedAt: null,
+            groupId: '',
+            has2FA: false,
+            id: '',
+            isRepresenting: false,
+            isSubscribedToAnnouncements: false,
+            joinedAt: '',
+            managerNotes: '',
+            membershipStatus: '',
+            permissions: [],
+            roleIds: [],
+            userId: '',
+            visibility: '',
+            _created_at: '',
+            _id: '',
+            _updated_at: ''
+        },
+        updatedAt: '',
+        // includeRoles: true
+        roles: [],
+        // group list
+        $memberId: '',
+        groupId: '',
+        isRepresenting: false,
+        memberVisibility: false,
+        mutualGroup: false,
+        // VRCX
+        $languages: [],
+        ...json
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/index.js b/src/shared/utils/index.js
index f844945b..0c4f3bc0 100644
--- a/src/shared/utils/index.js
+++ b/src/shared/utils/index.js
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ export * from './throttle';
 export * from './retry';
 export * from './gameLog';
 export * from './entityTransforms';
+export * from './userTransforms';
+export * from './worldTransforms';
+export * from './avatarTransforms';
+export * from './groupTransforms';
+export * from './instanceTransforms';
 export * from './cacheUtils';
 export * from './notificationTransforms';
 export * from './discordPresence';
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/instanceTransforms.js b/src/shared/utils/instanceTransforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21c13bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/instanceTransforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * Compute which content settings are disabled for an instance.
+ * @param {object} contentSettings - The instance's contentSettings object
+ * @param {string[]} settingsList - List of all possible content setting keys
+ * @returns {string[]} Array of disabled setting keys
+ */
+export function computeDisabledContentSettings(contentSettings, settingsList) {
+    const disabled = [];
+    if (!contentSettings || Object.keys(contentSettings).length === 0) {
+        return disabled;
+    }
+    for (const setting of settingsList) {
+        if (
+            typeof contentSettings[setting] === 'undefined' ||
+            contentSettings[setting] === true
+        ) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        disabled.push(setting);
+    }
+    return disabled;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a default instance ref object.
+ * @param {object} json - API response to merge
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+export function createDefaultInstanceRef(json) {
+    return {
+        id: '',
+        location: '',
+        instanceId: '',
+        name: '',
+        worldId: '',
+        type: '',
+        ownerId: '',
+        tags: [],
+        active: false,
+        full: false,
+        n_users: 0,
+        hasCapacityForYou: true, // not present depending on endpoint
+        capacity: 0,
+        recommendedCapacity: 0,
+        userCount: 0,
+        queueEnabled: false, // only present with group instance type
+        queueSize: 0, // only present when queuing is enabled
+        platforms: {},
+        gameServerVersion: 0,
+        hardClose: null, // boolean or null
+        closedAt: null, // string or null
+        secureName: '',
+        shortName: '',
+        world: {},
+        users: [], // only present when you're the owner
+        clientNumber: '',
+        contentSettings: {},
+        photonRegion: '',
+        region: '',
+        canRequestInvite: false,
+        permanent: false,
+        private: '', // part of instance tag
+        hidden: '', // part of instance tag
+        nonce: '', // only present when you're the owner
+        strict: false, // deprecated
+        displayName: null,
+        groupAccessType: null, // only present with group instance type
+        roleRestricted: false, // only present with group instance type
+        instancePersistenceEnabled: null,
+        playerPersistenceEnabled: null,
+        ageGate: null,
+        // VRCX
+        $fetchedAt: '',
+        $disabledContentSettings: [],
+        ...json
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/userTransforms.js b/src/shared/utils/userTransforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a713a868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/userTransforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import { removeEmojis, replaceBioSymbols } from './base/string';
+
+/**
+ * Sanitize user JSON fields before applying to cache.
+ * Applies replaceBioSymbols to statusDescription, bio, note;
+ * removeEmojis to statusDescription;
+ * strips robot avatar URL.
+ * @param {object} json - Raw user API response
+ * @param {string} robotUrl - The robot/default avatar URL to strip
+ * @returns {object} The mutated json (same reference)
+ */
+export function sanitizeUserJson(json, robotUrl) {
+    if (json.statusDescription) {
+        json.statusDescription = replaceBioSymbols(json.statusDescription);
+        json.statusDescription = removeEmojis(json.statusDescription);
+    }
+    if (json.bio) {
+        json.bio = replaceBioSymbols(json.bio);
+    }
+    if (json.note) {
+        json.note = replaceBioSymbols(json.note);
+    }
+    if (robotUrl && json.currentAvatarImageUrl === robotUrl) {
+        delete json.currentAvatarImageUrl;
+        delete json.currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl;
+    }
+    return json;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute trust level, moderator status, and troll status from user tags.
+ * Pure function — no store dependencies.
+ * @param {string[]} tags - User tags array
+ * @param {string} developerType - User's developerType field
+ * @returns {{
+ *   trustLevel: string,
+ *   trustClass: string,
+ *   trustSortNum: number,
+ *   isModerator: boolean,
+ *   isTroll: boolean,
+ *   isProbableTroll: boolean,
+ *   trustColorKey: string
+ * }}
+ */
+export function computeTrustLevel(tags, developerType) {
+    let isModerator = Boolean(developerType) && developerType !== 'none';
+    let isTroll = false;
+    let isProbableTroll = false;
+    let trustLevel = 'Visitor';
+    let trustClass = 'x-tag-untrusted';
+    let trustColorKey = 'untrusted';
+    let trustSortNum = 1;
+
+    if (tags.includes('admin_moderator')) {
+        isModerator = true;
+    }
+    if (tags.includes('system_troll')) {
+        isTroll = true;
+    }
+    if (tags.includes('system_probable_troll') && !isTroll) {
+        isProbableTroll = true;
+    }
+
+    if (tags.includes('system_trust_veteran')) {
+        trustLevel = 'Trusted User';
+        trustClass = 'x-tag-veteran';
+        trustColorKey = 'veteran';
+        trustSortNum = 5;
+    } else if (tags.includes('system_trust_trusted')) {
+        trustLevel = 'Known User';
+        trustClass = 'x-tag-trusted';
+        trustColorKey = 'trusted';
+        trustSortNum = 4;
+    } else if (tags.includes('system_trust_known')) {
+        trustLevel = 'User';
+        trustClass = 'x-tag-known';
+        trustColorKey = 'known';
+        trustSortNum = 3;
+    } else if (tags.includes('system_trust_basic')) {
+        trustLevel = 'New User';
+        trustClass = 'x-tag-basic';
+        trustColorKey = 'basic';
+        trustSortNum = 2;
+    }
+
+    if (isTroll || isProbableTroll) {
+        trustColorKey = 'troll';
+        trustSortNum += 0.1;
+    }
+    if (isModerator) {
+        trustColorKey = 'vip';
+        trustSortNum += 0.3;
+    }
+
+    return {
+        trustLevel,
+        trustClass,
+        trustSortNum,
+        isModerator,
+        isTroll,
+        isProbableTroll,
+        trustColorKey
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine the effective user platform.
+ * @param {string} platform - Current platform
+ * @param {string} lastPlatform - Last known platform
+ * @returns {string} Resolved platform
+ */
+export function computeUserPlatform(platform, lastPlatform) {
+    if (platform && platform !== 'offline' && platform !== 'web') {
+        return platform;
+    }
+    return lastPlatform || '';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect which properties changed between an existing ref and incoming JSON.
+ * Compares primitives directly; arrays via arraysMatchFn.
+ * @param {object} ref - The existing cached object
+ * @param {object} json - The incoming update
+ * @param {(a: any[], b: any[]) => boolean} arraysMatchFn - Function to compare arrays
+ * @returns {{ hasPropChanged: boolean, changedProps: object }}
+ */
+export function diffObjectProps(ref, json, arraysMatchFn) {
+    const changedProps = {};
+    let hasPropChanged = false;
+
+    // Only compare primitive values
+    for (const prop in ref) {
+        if (typeof json[prop] === 'undefined') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (ref[prop] === null || typeof ref[prop] !== 'object') {
+            changedProps[prop] = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check json props against ref (including array comparison)
+    for (const prop in json) {
+        if (typeof ref[prop] === 'undefined') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (Array.isArray(json[prop]) && Array.isArray(ref[prop])) {
+            if (!arraysMatchFn(json[prop], ref[prop])) {
+                changedProps[prop] = true;
+            }
+        } else if (json[prop] === null || typeof json[prop] !== 'object') {
+            changedProps[prop] = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Resolve actual changes
+    for (const prop in changedProps) {
+        const asIs = ref[prop];
+        const toBe = json[prop];
+        if (asIs === toBe) {
+            delete changedProps[prop];
+        } else {
+            hasPropChanged = true;
+            changedProps[prop] = [toBe, asIs];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return { hasPropChanged, changedProps };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a default user ref object with all expected fields.
+ * Returns a plain object (caller wraps in reactive() if needed).
+ * @param {object} json - API response to merge
+ * @returns {object} Default user object with json spread on top
+ */
+export function createDefaultUserRef(json) {
+    return {
+        ageVerificationStatus: '',
+        ageVerified: false,
+        allowAvatarCopying: false,
+        badges: [],
+        bio: '',
+        bioLinks: [],
+        currentAvatarImageUrl: '',
+        currentAvatarTags: [],
+        currentAvatarThumbnailImageUrl: '',
+        date_joined: '',
+        developerType: '',
+        discordId: '',
+        displayName: '',
+        friendKey: '',
+        friendRequestStatus: '',
+        id: '',
+        instanceId: '',
+        isFriend: false,
+        last_activity: '',
+        last_login: '',
+        last_mobile: null,
+        last_platform: '',
+        location: '',
+        platform: '',
+        note: null,
+        profilePicOverride: '',
+        profilePicOverrideThumbnail: '',
+        pronouns: '',
+        state: '',
+        status: '',
+        statusDescription: '',
+        tags: [],
+        travelingToInstance: '',
+        travelingToLocation: '',
+        travelingToWorld: '',
+        userIcon: '',
+        worldId: '',
+        // only in bulk request
+        fallbackAvatar: '',
+        // VRCX
+        $location: {},
+        $location_at: Date.now(),
+        $online_for: Date.now(),
+        $travelingToTime: Date.now(),
+        $offline_for: null,
+        $active_for: Date.now(),
+        $isVRCPlus: false,
+        $isModerator: false,
+        $isTroll: false,
+        $isProbableTroll: false,
+        $trustLevel: 'Visitor',
+        $trustClass: 'x-tag-untrusted',
+        $userColour: '',
+        $trustSortNum: 1,
+        $languages: [],
+        $joinCount: 0,
+        $timeSpent: 0,
+        $lastSeen: '',
+        $mutualCount: 0,
+        $nickName: '',
+        $previousLocation: '',
+        $customTag: '',
+        $customTagColour: '',
+        $friendNumber: 0,
+        $platform: '',
+        $moderations: {},
+        //
+        ...json
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/utils/worldTransforms.js b/src/shared/utils/worldTransforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c019b7e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/utils/worldTransforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Create a default world ref object.
+ * @param {object} json - API response to merge
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+export function createDefaultWorldRef(json) {
+    return {
+        id: '',
+        name: '',
+        description: '',
+        defaultContentSettings: {},
+        authorId: '',
+        authorName: '',
+        capacity: 0,
+        recommendedCapacity: 0,
+        tags: [],
+        releaseStatus: '',
+        imageUrl: '',
+        thumbnailImageUrl: '',
+        assetUrl: '',
+        assetUrlObject: {},
+        pluginUrl: '',
+        pluginUrlObject: {},
+        unityPackageUrl: '',
+        unityPackageUrlObject: {},
+        unityPackages: [],
+        version: 0,
+        favorites: 0,
+        created_at: '',
+        updated_at: '',
+        publicationDate: '',
+        labsPublicationDate: '',
+        visits: 0,
+        popularity: 0,
+        heat: 0,
+        publicOccupants: 0,
+        privateOccupants: 0,
+        occupants: 0,
+        instances: [],
+        featured: false,
+        organization: '',
+        previewYoutubeId: '',
+        // VRCX
+        $isLabs: false,
+        //
+        ...json
+    };
+}